{"id":222,"date":"2026-08-17T19:43:34","date_gmt":"2026-08-17T16:43:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tamertopal.com\/?p=222"},"modified":"2026-08-17T19:43:34","modified_gmt":"2026-08-17T16:43:34","slug":"yuk-kaymasi-her-zaman-teminat-disi-midir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tamertopal.com\/?p=222","title":{"rendered":"Y\u00fck Kaymas\u0131 Her Zaman Teminat D\u0131\u015f\u0131 m\u0131d\u0131r?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Teknik Neden, Sabitleme ve Poli\u00e7e Ayr\u0131m\u0131<\/em><\/strong><\/h2>\n

Bir a\u011f\u0131r vas\u0131ta hasar dosyas\u0131nda \u015fu k\u0131sa ifadeyle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr: \u201cY\u00fck kayd\u0131 ve ara\u00e7 hasarland\u0131.\u201d<\/strong> \u0130lk bak\u0131\u015fta olay a\u00e7\u0131klanm\u0131\u015f gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr. Oysa bu c\u00fcmle, \u00e7o\u011fu zaman incelemenin sonucu de\u011fil; hen\u00fcz ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken ilk iddiad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Y\u00fck neden hareket etti?<\/p>\n

Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7tan itibaren yetersiz mi sabitlenmi\u015fti?<\/p>\n

Ani frenleme, sert viraj, \u00e7ukur, kasis veya ba\u015fka bir arac\u0131n \u00e7arpmas\u0131 m\u0131 etkili oldu?<\/p>\n

Kum ya da toprak ger\u00e7ekten kayd\u0131 m\u0131; yoksa damper kald\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda damper kovas\u0131na yap\u0131\u015farak bir tarafta m\u0131 kald\u0131?<\/p>\n

Hasar\u0131 y\u00fck\u00fcn do\u011frudan bask\u0131s\u0131 m\u0131, arac\u0131n devrilmesi mi meydana getirdi?<\/p>\n

Ve en \u00f6nemlisi, poli\u00e7e bu riski nas\u0131l d\u00fczenliyordu?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bu sorular cevaplanmadan yaln\u0131zca \u201cy\u00fck kaymas\u0131\u201d denilerek verilen bir teminat karar\u0131, olay\u0131n teknik ger\u00e7ekli\u011fini g\u00f6zden ka\u00e7\u0131rabilir.<\/p>\n

\u00d6nce kavram\u0131 do\u011fru tan\u0131mlayal\u0131m<\/strong><\/p>\n

Y\u00fck kaymas\u0131; <\/strong>Ta\u015f\u0131nan y\u00fck\u00fcn seyir, frenleme, h\u0131zlanma, viraj alma, manevra, yol e\u011fimi, \u00e7ukur, kasis veya \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fma s\u0131ras\u0131nda ara\u00e7 \u00fczerindeki planlanm\u0131\u015f ta\u015f\u0131ma konumunu kaybederek kontrols\u00fcz bi\u00e7imde yer de\u011fi\u015ftirmesidir.<\/p>\n

Buradaki \u201ckayma\u201d<\/strong> s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc dar anlamda d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmemek gerekir. Y\u00fck yaln\u0131zca bir y\u00fczey \u00fczerinde s\u00fcr\u00fcklenmez; yuvarlanabilir, devrilebilir, istif i\u00e7inde yer de\u011fi\u015ftirebilir, ba\u011flama elemanlar\u0131ndan kurtulabilir, \u00f6ne veya yana savrulabilir ya da kasa d\u0131\u015f\u0131na d\u00fc\u015febilir. Ortak nokta, y\u00fck\u00fcn g\u00fcvenli ta\u015f\u0131ma konumunu kaybetmesidir.<\/p>\n

Ancak her y\u00fck hareketi ayn\u0131 teknik sebebe dayanmaz. Bu nedenle olaylar\u0131 en az d\u00f6rt grupta ay\u0131rmak gerekir:<\/p>\n

    \n
  • Par\u00e7a y\u00fck\u00fcn sabitleme ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131ndan kurtularak hareket etmesi,<\/li>\n
  • D\u00f6kme y\u00fck\u00fcn yol ve s\u00fcr\u00fc\u015f etkisiyle kasa i\u00e7inde yeniden yerle\u015fmesi,<\/li>\n
  • Bo\u015faltma s\u0131ras\u0131nda yap\u0131\u015fan y\u00fck\u00fcn kasan\u0131n belirli bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde kalmas\u0131,<\/li>\n
  • Y\u00fck\u00fcn kapak veya s\u0131n\u0131rlama sistemini a\u015farak ara\u00e7tan d\u00fc\u015fmesi ya da d\u00f6k\u00fclmesi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

     <\/p>\n

    Her y\u00fck zincirle veya kay\u0131\u015fla sabitlenemez<\/strong><\/p>\n

    gerginli\u011fi ve ba\u011flant\u0131 noktalar\u0131n\u0131n dayan\u0131m\u0131 incelenebilir.<\/p>\n

    Kum, toprak, m\u0131c\u0131r, cevher veya tah\u0131l gibi serbest d\u00f6kme y\u00fcklerde ise durum farkl\u0131d\u0131r. Bu y\u00fcklerin her bir par\u00e7as\u0131n\u0131 zincirlemek veya kay\u0131\u015fla ba\u011flamak teknik olarak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. G\u00fcvenlik; y\u00fck\u00fcn kasa i\u00e7inde dengeli da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131, uygun seviyede y\u00fcklenmesi, ta\u015f\u0131ma ve dingil kapasitelerinin a\u015f\u0131lmamas\u0131, kapak ve kilitlerin sa\u011flaml\u0131\u011f\u0131, gerekli \u00f6rt\u00fc sisteminin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 ve arac\u0131n yol ko\u015fullar\u0131na uygun s\u00fcr\u00fclmesiyle sa\u011flan\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    D\u00f6kme y\u00fck, kasa i\u00e7inde b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcyle hareketsiz tek par\u00e7a bir k\u00fctle de\u011fildir. Ara\u00e7 \u00e7ukura girdi\u011finde, kasisten ge\u00e7ti\u011finde, bozuk zeminde sal\u0131n\u0131m yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, frenledi\u011finde veya viraja girdi\u011finde y\u00fck tanecikleri aras\u0131nda do\u011fal bir yeniden yerle\u015fme olabilir. Bu hareketin meydana gelmesi tek ba\u015f\u0131na hatal\u0131 y\u00fckleme veya sabitleme eksikli\u011fi anlam\u0131na gelmez.<\/p>\n

    As\u0131l incelenmesi gereken; y\u00fck\u00fcn ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta dengeli da\u011f\u0131t\u0131l\u0131p da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, dolum seviyesinin uygunlu\u011fu, arac\u0131n h\u0131z\u0131, yolun durumu ve meydana gelen hareketin ola\u011fan ta\u015f\u0131ma dinami\u011finin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 a\u015f\u0131p a\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    Damperli r\u00f6morkta y\u00fck kaymas\u0131 m\u0131, y\u00fck\u00fcn bo\u015falmamas\u0131 m\u0131?<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Damperli yar\u0131 r\u00f6morklarda g\u00f6r\u00fclen \u00f6nemli bir olay, \u00e7o\u011fu zaman do\u011frudan \u201cy\u00fck kaymas\u0131\u201d olarak kayda ge\u00e7irilir. Oysa nemli toprak, kil, \u00e7amur ve \u0131slak kum gibi yap\u0131\u015fmaya e\u011filimli y\u00fcklerde as\u0131l sorun bazen y\u00fck\u00fcn hareket etmesi de\u011fil, hareket etmesi gereken anda hareket etmemesidir.<\/p>\n

    Damper kald\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda y\u00fck\u00fcn bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc bo\u015fal\u0131rken di\u011fer b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc kasa taban\u0131na veya yan y\u00fczeye yap\u0131\u015farak kalabilir. Bazen y\u00fck k\u00fctlesi k\u00f6pr\u00fcle\u015fir ve ak\u0131\u015f kesilir. Kasa y\u00fckselmeye devam ettik\u00e7e bo\u015falmayan y\u00fck de yukar\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131r; a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k merkezi hem y\u00fckselir hem de bir tarafa do\u011fru uzakla\u015f\u0131r. Bunun sonucunda \u015fasi ve damper \u00fczerinde asimetrik kuvvet olu\u015fur, devrilme momenti b\u00fcy\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

    Bu olay teknik olarak \u201cd\u00fczensiz bo\u015falma\u201d, \u201casimetrik y\u00fck tutulmas\u0131\u201d, \u201cy\u00fck\u00fcn kasaya yap\u0131\u015fmas\u0131\u201d veya \u201cbo\u015faltma s\u0131ras\u0131nda a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k merkezi bozulmas\u0131\u201d \u015feklinde tan\u0131mlanmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bazen arac\u0131n dengesini bozan, y\u00fck\u00fcn kaymas\u0131 de\u011fil; kasan\u0131n belirli bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde kalmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    Bu ayr\u0131m, Yarg\u0131tay 17. Hukuk Dairesinin 2014\/6854 E., 2016\/2915 K. say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131na konu olay a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan da d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fcd\u00fcr. Kararda kum bo\u015falt\u0131m\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda y\u00fck\u00fcn sa\u011f tarafa kaymas\u0131 sonucu \u00e7ekici ve damperli r\u00f6morkun yana yatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 kabul edilmi\u015ftir. Ancak sahadaki teknik incelemede y\u00fck\u00fcn ger\u00e7ekten yana kay\u0131p kaymad\u0131\u011f\u0131; yoksa bir tarafta yap\u0131\u015farak kal\u0131p kalmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, zeminin \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fcp \u00e7\u00f6kmedi\u011fi ve damperin dengeli kalk\u0131p kalkmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ayr\u0131ca ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    \"Damper<\/p>\n

    Damper kald\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 h\u00e2lde kasan\u0131n \u00f6n ve yan b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde kalan yap\u0131\u015fkan y\u00fck, a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k merkezini y\u00fckselterek asimetrik y\u00fcklenmeye neden olabilir.<\/em><\/p>\n

    Ba\u011flant\u0131 koptuysa sabitleme mutlaka yetersiz midir?<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Bir ba\u015fka yayg\u0131n kabul de sabitleme eleman\u0131 koptu\u011funda y\u00fck\u00fcn ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7tan itibaren yetersiz ba\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Bu sonu\u00e7 her zaman do\u011fru de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n

    Ara\u00e7 yava\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda y\u00fck, eylemsizlik nedeniyle mevcut hareketini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmek ister. Frenlemede \u00f6ne, h\u0131zlanmada arkaya, virajda d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn d\u0131\u015f taraf\u0131na do\u011fru kuvvet olu\u015fur. \u00c7ok sert acil frenleme, \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fma, ka\u00e7\u0131nma manevras\u0131, banket \u00e7\u00f6kmesi veya arac\u0131n devrilmeye ba\u015flamas\u0131 sabitleme sistemini ola\u011fan s\u00fcr\u00fc\u015f kuvvetlerinin \u00e7ok \u00fczerinde zorlayabilir.<\/p>\n

    Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla iki ihtimal birbirinden ayr\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    Birincisi;<\/strong> yanl\u0131\u015f ekipman, yetersiz ba\u011flant\u0131 say\u0131s\u0131, hatal\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131, gev\u015fek ba\u011flama veya hasarl\u0131 ba\u011flant\u0131 noktas\u0131 nedeniyle ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7tan itibaren yetersiz sabitlemedir.<\/p>\n

    \u0130kincisi<\/strong> ise usul\u00fcne uygun sabitlemenin ola\u011fan d\u0131\u015f\u0131 bir kuvvet alt\u0131nda kapasitesinin a\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    Yaln\u0131zca \u201czincir koptu\u201d veya \u201cy\u00fck hareket etti\u201d denilerek bu iki ihtimalden hangisinin ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fi belirlenemez. Y\u00fck\u00fcn a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131, ba\u011flant\u0131 d\u00fczeni, ekipman\u0131n kapasitesi, s\u00fcrt\u00fcnme ko\u015fullar\u0131 ve olay s\u0131ras\u0131ndaki yakla\u015f\u0131k yava\u015flama birlikte de\u011ferlendirilmelidir.<\/p>\n

    Sahadan bir \u00f6rnek: Y\u00fck olarak ta\u015f\u0131nan kamyon \u00e7ekici kabinine \u00e7arparsa<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u0130ncelenen bir dosyada, yar\u0131 r\u00f6mork \u00fczerinde iki kamyon ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131rken \u00e7ekicinin trafik yo\u011funlu\u011fu nedeniyle ani fren yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131; \u00f6nde ta\u015f\u0131nan kamyonun sabitleme ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131ndan kurtularak \u00f6ne hareket etti\u011fi ve \u00e7ekici kabininin arka b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne \u00e7arpt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bildirilmi\u015ftir. Hasar \u00e7ekici kabininin arka paneli ile arka \u00fcst b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde yo\u011funla\u015fm\u0131\u015f; \u00e7ekicinin \u00f6n k\u0131sm\u0131nda ba\u015fka bir ara\u00e7 veya sabit cisme \u00e7arpmay\u0131 do\u011frulayacak bulgu g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

    \"\"<\/p>\n

    Yar\u0131 r\u00f6mork \u00fczerinde ta\u015f\u0131nan kamyonun \u00f6ne hareket ederek \u00e7ekici kabininin arka b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne temas etti\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Hasar\u0131n konumu ve temas geometrisi, y\u00fck\u00fcn ileri y\u00f6ndeki hareketiyle olu\u015fan hasar zincirini somut olarak ortaya koymaktad\u0131r.<\/em><\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

    Bu tablo, \u00f6ne do\u011fru dinamik y\u00fck hareketiyle uyumludur. Fakat sabitlemenin yetersiz oldu\u011fu sonucuna ula\u015fmak i\u00e7in yaln\u0131zca hasar\u0131n yeri yeterli de\u011fildir. Hangi zincirin veya ba\u011flant\u0131n\u0131n koptu\u011fu, kullan\u0131lan ekipman\u0131n kapasitesi, ba\u011flant\u0131 say\u0131s\u0131 ve a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131, frenlemenin \u015fiddeti ve olay\u0131n devam\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen arkadan \u00e7arpman\u0131n y\u00fck hareketine katk\u0131s\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    Ayr\u0131ca ta\u015f\u0131nan kamyonun \u00e7ekici kabinine \u00e7arpmas\u0131, enerji kayna\u011f\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan y\u00fck\u00fcn eylemsizli\u011fiyle a\u00e7\u0131klansa da \u00e7ekici y\u00f6n\u00fcnden ani bir fiziksel temas ve darbedir. Bu olu\u015f mekanizmas\u0131n\u0131 \u201ci\u00e7 kuvvet\u201d olarak adland\u0131rmak, tek ba\u015f\u0131na hasar\u0131n teminat d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermez.<\/p>\n

    Y\u00fck hareketi hangi b\u00f6lgeleri hasarlayabilir?<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Y\u00fck\u00fcn hareket y\u00f6n\u00fc, hasar\u0131n ara\u00e7 \u00fczerinde izleyece\u011fi yolu da belirler. \u00d6ne hareket eden y\u00fck; yar\u0131 r\u00f6mork \u00f6n duvar\u0131n\u0131, al\u0131n panelini, \u00f6n ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131 dikmeleri, \u00e7ekici kabininin arka panelini, tavan\u0131, kabin s\u00fcspansiyonunu ve kabin arkas\u0131ndaki donan\u0131mlar\u0131 etkileyebilir.<\/p>\n

    Yana hareket eden y\u00fck; yan kapaklar\u0131, perde veya branda sistemini, yan dikmeleri, taban\u0131 ve \u015fasi yan kollar\u0131n\u0131 zorlayabilir. A\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k merkezinin de\u011fi\u015fmesi devrilmeye yol a\u00e7arsa hasar dingil ve s\u00fcspansiyon ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131na, king pin\u2013pleyt b\u00f6lgesine, ( be\u015finci tekere ) \u00e7ekici \u015fasisine ve kabine kadar ilerleyebilir.<\/p>\n

    Arkaya hareket eden y\u00fck ise arka kapak, kilit, mente\u015fe, arka \u00e7er\u00e7eve ve tampon grubunu hasarlayabilir. Y\u00fck\u00fcn ara\u00e7tan d\u00fc\u015fmesi durumunda konu art\u0131k yaln\u0131zca ara\u00e7 hasar\u0131 olmaktan \u00e7\u0131kar; \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015filerin can ve mal g\u00fcvenli\u011fini ilgilendiren ciddi bir sorumluluk alan\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

    Poli\u00e7e ne diyor?<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Kara Ara\u00e7lar\u0131 Kasko Sigortas\u0131 Genel \u015eartlar\u0131nda \u201cy\u00fck kaymas\u0131\u201d ad\u0131yla b\u00fct\u00fcn olaylara do\u011frudan uygulanacak ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir madde bulunmamaktad\u0131r. A.1\/b maddesinde arac\u0131n ani ve haric\u00ee etkiler sonucunda sabit veya hareketli bir cisme \u00e7arpmas\u0131, devrilmesi, d\u00fc\u015fmesi ve yuvarlanmas\u0131 gibi kazalar temel teminat kapsam\u0131nda say\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    Bunun yan\u0131nda poli\u00e7elerde \u00f6zel y\u00fck kaymas\u0131 ve damper klozlar\u0131 bulunabilmektedir. Baz\u0131 poli\u00e7eler, \u00e7arpma veya \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fma olmaks\u0131z\u0131n y\u00fck\u00fcn kaymas\u0131 sonucunda ara\u00e7ta ya da sigortal\u0131 kasada meydana gelen hasar\u0131 teminata dahil eder. Baz\u0131lar\u0131 ise ayn\u0131 riski a\u00e7\u0131k bi\u00e7imde teminat d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda b\u0131rak\u0131r. Bu nedenle poli\u00e7enin yaln\u0131zca \u201cgeni\u015fletilmi\u015f kasko\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131na bakmak yeterli de\u011fildir; \u00f6zel klozun tam metni okunmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    Genel \u015eartlar\u0131n A.5.8 maddesi de ruhsatta belirtilen ta\u015f\u0131ma haddinden fazla y\u00fck veya yolcu ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda meydana gelen ve m\u00fcnhas\u0131ran istiap haddinin a\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131ndan kaynaklanan zararlar\u0131 teminat d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda b\u0131rakmaktad\u0131r. Buradaki belirleyici kelime \u201cm\u00fcnhas\u0131ran\u201dd\u0131r<\/strong>. Fazla y\u00fck tespit edilmesi tek ba\u015f\u0131na ret i\u00e7in yeterli de\u011fildir; zarar\u0131n yaln\u0131zca bu nedenle meydana geldi\u011fi teknik olarak g\u00f6sterilmelidir.<\/p>\n

    Yarg\u0131tay kararlar\u0131 bize ne s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor?<\/strong><\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

    Yarg\u0131tay 11. Hukuk Dairesinin 2018\/2593 E., 2019\/3646 K. say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131nda ise ta\u015f\u0131nan sebze ve meyvenin kaymas\u0131 ve zayi olmas\u0131 ele al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu kez zarar g\u00f6ren ara\u00e7 de\u011fil, ta\u015f\u0131nan emtiad\u0131r. Nakliyat emtia poli\u00e7esindeki kamyon klozu nedeniyle y\u00fck kaymas\u0131 zararlar\u0131 teminat d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda de\u011ferlendirilmi\u015f; ayr\u0131ca TTK m.863 kapsam\u0131nda y\u00fckleme, istifleme ve sabitleme sorumlulu\u011funun s\u00f6zle\u015fme ve ticari team\u00fcle g\u00f6re ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi vurgulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Karar\u0131n zarar miktar\u0131na ili\u015fkin bozma gerek\u00e7elerinden biri daha sonra 2019\/3759 E., 2021\/1110 K. say\u0131l\u0131 karar d\u00fczeltme ilam\u0131yla kald\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    Yarg\u0131tay 17. Hukuk Dairesinin 2012\/14767 E., 2013\/17811 K. say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131nda da kamyonet \u00fczerindeki tahtalar\u0131n kaymas\u0131 sonucu y\u00fck \u00fczerinde ta\u015f\u0131nan bir i\u015f\u00e7inin hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetmesi incelenmi\u015ftir. Burada tart\u0131\u015fma kasko teminat\u0131 de\u011fil, y\u00fck g\u00fcvenli\u011fi ile s\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc ve i\u015fletenin sorumlulu\u011fudur. Daire, y\u00fck\u00fcn kayacak veya d\u00fc\u015fecek \u015fekilde ta\u015f\u0131nmamas\u0131 ve y\u00fck \u00fczerine yolcu al\u0131nmamas\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki s\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc sorumlulu\u011funa dikkat \u00e7ekmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

    G\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00fczere ayn\u0131 \u201cy\u00fck kaymas\u0131\u201d ifadesi; arac\u0131n kasko hasar\u0131nda, emtian\u0131n nakliyat sigortas\u0131nda ve \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015filere verilen zararda farkl\u0131 hukuki sonu\u00e7lara ba\u011flanabilir. \u00d6ncelikle neyin zarar g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve hangi sigorta ili\u015fkisinin incelendi\u011fi belirlenmelidir.<\/p>\n

    Eksper hangi sorular\u0131n cevab\u0131n\u0131 aramal\u0131?<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Y\u00fck par\u00e7a y\u00fck m\u00fc, d\u00f6kme y\u00fck m\u00fc; fiziksel \u00f6zelli\u011fi nedir?<\/p>\n

    Y\u00fck seyir s\u0131ras\u0131nda m\u0131, frenlemede mi, virajda m\u0131, yoksa bo\u015faltma s\u0131ras\u0131nda m\u0131 hareket etmi\u015ftir?<\/p>\n

    Y\u00fck ger\u00e7ekten kaym\u0131\u015f m\u0131d\u0131r; yoksa bo\u015falmas\u0131 gereken y\u00fck kasaya yap\u0131\u015farak m\u0131 kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r?<\/p>\n

    Y\u00fck\u00fc kim y\u00fcklemi\u015f, istiflemi\u015f ve sabitlemi\u015ftir?<\/p>\n

    Kullan\u0131lan ekipman\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131, kapasitesi, a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 ve olay \u00f6ncesi durumu nedir?<\/p>\n

    Kopma zincirde mi, kancada m\u0131, gerdirmede mi, yoksa ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131 ba\u011flant\u0131 noktas\u0131nda m\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir?<\/p>\n

    Ani fren, \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fma, \u00e7ukur, kasis, yol e\u011fimi veya zemin \u00e7\u00f6kmesi gibi ba\u015fka bir dinamik etki var m\u0131d\u0131r?<\/p>\n

    Hasar\u0131 y\u00fck\u00fcn do\u011frudan bask\u0131s\u0131 m\u0131, y\u00fck\u00fcn ara\u00e7 par\u00e7as\u0131na \u00e7arpmas\u0131 m\u0131, yoksa arac\u0131n devrilmesi mi olu\u015fturmu\u015ftur?<\/p>\n

    Poli\u00e7ede y\u00fck kaymas\u0131, damper, kasa, ta\u015f\u0131ma ve muafiyet h\u00fck\u00fcmleri nas\u0131l d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir?<\/p>\n

    Sonu\u00e7: Olay\u0131n ad\u0131 de\u011fil, olu\u015f nedeni belirleyicidir<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Benim de\u011ferlendirmeme g\u00f6re y\u00fck kaymas\u0131 hasarlar\u0131n\u0131n tamam\u0131n\u0131n yaln\u0131zca olay\u0131n ad\u0131na bak\u0131larak teminat d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kabul edilmesi do\u011fru de\u011fildir. Y\u00fck\u00fcn hareket etmi\u015f olmas\u0131, her zaman ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7tan itibaren yetersiz sabitlendi\u011fini g\u00f6stermez. Usul\u00fcne uygun sabitlenen bir y\u00fck de ani frenleme, sert manevra, \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fma, \u00e7ukur veya kasisin olu\u015fturdu\u011fu y\u00fcksek kuvvetler nedeniyle yer de\u011fi\u015ftirebilir.<\/p>\n

    Kum, toprak ve m\u0131c\u0131r gibi serbest d\u00f6kme y\u00fcklerde ise klasik zincir veya kay\u0131\u015f sabitlemesi zaten m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. Bu y\u00fcklerde dengeli da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m, uygun dolum seviyesi, ara\u00e7 kapasitesi, yol ko\u015fullar\u0131na uygun kullan\u0131m ve kontroll\u00fc bo\u015faltma de\u011ferlendirilmelidir. Damperli ara\u00e7larda y\u00fck\u00fcn kaymas\u0131 kadar, bo\u015falt\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken y\u00fck\u00fcn yap\u0131\u015farak kasan\u0131n bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde kalmas\u0131 da \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n

    Bu nedenle do\u011fru soru yaln\u0131zca \u201cY\u00fck kayd\u0131 m\u0131?\u201d de\u011fildir. As\u0131l sorular \u015funlard\u0131r: Y\u00fck neden hareket etti veya neden hareket etmedi? Hangi kuvvet etkili oldu? Sabitleme ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta yeterli miydi? Hasar\u0131 do\u011frudan hangi olay meydana getirdi? Poli\u00e7e bu riski nas\u0131l d\u00fczenliyor?<\/p>\n

    Y\u00fck kaymas\u0131 ne kendili\u011finden teminat sebebidir ne de kendili\u011finden ret sebebidir. Teknik neden, sabitleme ko\u015fullar\u0131, hasar zinciri ve poli\u00e7e h\u00fckm\u00fc birlikte okunmadan verilen karar eksik kalacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    Kararlar ve Mevzuat Notlar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Kara Ara\u00e7lar\u0131 Kasko Sigortas\u0131 Genel \u015eartlar\u0131: A.1\/b ve A.5.8.<\/p>\n

    6102 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Ticaret Kanunu: m.863 \u2013 Y\u00fckleme ve bo\u015faltma.<\/p>\n

    2918 say\u0131l\u0131 Karayollar\u0131 Trafik Kanunu: m.65 \u2013 Ara\u00e7lar\u0131n y\u00fcklenmesine ili\u015fkin h\u00fck\u00fcmler.<\/p>\n

    Yarg\u0131tay 17. HD, 2014\/6854 E., 2016\/2915 K., 08.03.2016.<\/p>\n

    Yarg\u0131tay 11. HD, 2018\/2593 E., 2019\/3646 K., 13.05.2019.<\/p>\n

    Yarg\u0131tay 11. HD, 2019\/3759 E., 2021\/1110 K., 11.02.2021.<\/p>\n

    Yarg\u0131tay 17. HD, 2012\/14767 E., 2013\/17811 K., 17.12.2013.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Teknik Neden, Sabitleme ve Poli\u00e7e Ayr\u0131m\u0131 Bir a\u011f\u0131r vas\u0131ta hasar dosyas\u0131nda \u015fu k\u0131sa ifadeyle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr: \u201cY\u00fck kayd\u0131 ve ara\u00e7 hasarland\u0131.\u201d \u0130lk bak\u0131\u015fta olay a\u00e7\u0131klanm\u0131\u015f gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr. Oysa bu c\u00fcmle, \u00e7o\u011fu zaman incelemenin sonucu de\u011fil; hen\u00fcz ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken ilk iddiad\u0131r. Y\u00fck neden hareket etti? Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7tan itibaren yetersiz mi sabitlenmi\u015fti? Ani frenleme, sert viraj, \u00e7ukur, kasis … <\/p>\n

    Devam\u0131n\u0131 oku<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":223,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[23,4,15,31,10,6,5,33,27,8,30,12,13,19,38,21],"class_list":["post-222","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hasar-tespit-teknik-inceleme","tag-agir-vasita-hasar-tespiti","tag-agir-vasita","tag-cekici","tag-devrilme","tag-dosya","tag-eksper","tag-ekspertiz","tag-esdeger-parca","tag-fren","tag-hasar-tespiti","tag-koruk","tag-tamer-topal","tag-tir","tag-trafik","tag-yuk-kaymasi","tag-zmms","item-wrap"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/tamertopal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/kucuk-yuk-kaymasi.png","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamertopal.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/222","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamertopal.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamertopal.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamertopal.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamertopal.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=222"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/tamertopal.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/222\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":225,"href":"https:\/\/tamertopal.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/222\/revisions\/225"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamertopal.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/223"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamertopal.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=222"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamertopal.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=222"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamertopal.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=222"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}